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Related Concept Videos

Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Spermatogenesis01:22

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Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
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The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

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The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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What is Meiosis?01:34

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Meiosis is the process by which diploid cells divide to produce haploid daughter cells. In humans, each diploid cell contains 46 chromosomes, half from the mother and half from the father. Following meiosis, the resulting haploid eggs or sperm only contain 23 chromosomes; however, each of these chromosomes contains a unique combination of parental information that results from the meiotic process of crossing over.
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Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye
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Unraveling transcriptome dynamics in human spermatogenesis.

Sabrina Z Jan1, Tinke L Vormer1, Aldo Jongejan1,2

  • 1Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|September 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human spermatogenesis involves complex gene regulation. This study reveals precursor cells contain necessary genes, with post-transcriptional regulators controlling timely protein production for normal development.

Keywords:
Gamete developmentHumanRNA-binding proteinsRNA-sequencingSpermatogenesis

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A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Genetics
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Human spermatogenesis, the process of sperm development, is crucial for male fertility.
  • While extensively studied in mice, the molecular mechanisms governing human spermatogenesis remain poorly understood.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for addressing male infertility and spermatogenic failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for analyzing the transcriptome of specific human germ cell subtypes.
  • To identify dynamic gene expression patterns during human spermatogenesis.
  • To uncover novel post-transcriptional regulators involved in male germ cell development.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a protocol for next-generation sequencing of RNA from laser-capture microdissected germ cells.
  • Isolation of specific germ cell subtypes from fixed human testis samples.
  • Transcriptomic analysis of successive germ cell populations.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic transcription of over 4000 genes identified during human spermatogenesis.
  • Genes for meiotic and post-meiotic proteins are present in the pre-meiotic phase.
  • Significant cell type-specific expression of 110 RNA-binding proteins and 137 long non-coding RNAs, many previously unlinked to spermatogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Human precursor germ cells possess the genetic blueprint for differentiation.
  • Post-transcriptional regulation is critical for controlling gene expression timing during spermatogenesis.
  • The generated transcriptomes serve as a valuable reference for future research on human spermatogenesis and infertility.