Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

5.7K
Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...
5.7K
Condensins02:15

Condensins

4.8K
Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
4.8K
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

11.3K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
11.3K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

18.9K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
18.9K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

4.8K
4.8K
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

9.1K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
9.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Investigations into multiple fission yeast chromosome size determinants.

Journal of cell science·2026
Same author

Why is your separase such a big protease?

Science advances·2025
Same author

Monitoring Local Chromatin Dynamics Regulated by SMC Complexes in Fission Yeast.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2025
Same author

Progressive chromosome shape changes during cell divisions.

EMBO reports·2025
Same author

Author Correction: An extrinsic motor directs chromatin loop formation by cohesin.

The EMBO journal·2025
Same author

An extrinsic motor directs chromatin loop formation by cohesin.

The EMBO journal·2024
Same journal

Is heptelidic (koningic) acid a microbial hormone that regulates secondary metabolism in the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma virens?

Current genetics·2025
Same journal

Loss of PDR3 alters metabolome in response to MCHM, a synthetic hydrotrope.

Current genetics·2025
Same journal

The CRISPR-cas repertoire of Kluyvera ascorbata: insights from genomic data.

Current genetics·2025
Same journal

Genome characterization of Acinetobacter species from the rice rhizosphere: a potential plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).

Current genetics·2025
Same journal

Genomic surveillance of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: a study on Resistome, Plasmidome, and mobilome profiling.

Current genetics·2025
Same journal

Epigenetic regulation of pathogenicity in fungi.

Current genetics·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
08:44

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes

Published on: October 23, 2014

10.4K

SMC complexes orchestrate the mitotic chromatin interaction landscape.

Yasutaka Kakui1, Frank Uhlmann2

  • 1Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. yasu.kakui@crick.ac.uk.

Current Genetics
|September 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes like condensin are crucial for chromosome condensation. This study reveals condensin-driven intra-chromosomal interactions increase within specific, organism-characteristic distances during mitosis.

Keywords:
Cell cycleChromatinChromosome condensationHi-CSMC complex

More Related Videos

Chromatin Spread Preparations for the Analysis of Mouse Oocyte Progression from Prophase to Metaphase II
10:39

Chromatin Spread Preparations for the Analysis of Mouse Oocyte Progression from Prophase to Metaphase II

Published on: February 26, 2018

16.6K
Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
08:44

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes

Published on: October 23, 2014

10.4K
Chromatin Spread Preparations for the Analysis of Mouse Oocyte Progression from Prophase to Metaphase II
10:39

Chromatin Spread Preparations for the Analysis of Mouse Oocyte Progression from Prophase to Metaphase II

Published on: February 26, 2018

16.6K
Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Chromatin, a DNA-protein complex, governs genetic information expression and inheritance.
  • Chromosome condensation, involving SMC complexes (condensin, cohesin), is vital for accurate DNA segregation during cell division.
  • The precise mechanisms by which SMC complexes shape chromosomes remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent findings on chromatin reorganization during the cell cycle.
  • To explore the role of SMC complexes in mitotic chromatin architecture.
  • To discuss the conserved nature of chromosome condensation in eukaryotes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) studies.
  • Analysis of the role of condensin and cohesin in chromatin structure.
  • Comparative analysis of chromosome condensation across eukaryotes.

Main Results:

  • Condensin and cohesin are fundamental to both interphase chromatin structure and mitotic chromosome formation.
  • Recent Hi-C studies have illuminated cell cycle-dependent chromatin reorganization.
  • A key finding is the organism-specific increase in condensin-dependent intra-chromosomal interactions within a defined distance range during mitosis, with suppression of other interactions.

Conclusions:

  • SMC complexes play a critical role in establishing higher-order chromatin structure.
  • Mitotic chromosome architecture is shaped by specific, distance-dependent interactions mediated by condensin.
  • This reveals fundamental molecular insights into the regulation of chromosome architecture and condensation.