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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
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Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression
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[Diabetes, not harmless in young adults].

D C M van der Kaay1, D Mul, H J Aanstoot

  • 1HagaZiekenhuis/Juliana Kinderziekenhuis, afd. Kindergeneeskunde, Den Haag.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|September 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Young adults with type-1 or type-2 diabetes frequently develop serious complications and comorbidities, even after a short disease duration. Type-2 diabetes poses a higher risk, highlighting the need for improved diabetes care strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Diabetes Research

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus, encompassing type-1 and type-2, affects a growing number of young adults.
  • Diabetes-related complications and comorbidities pose significant health risks.
  • Early onset of complications in young diabetic populations is a growing concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the prevalence of diabetes-related complications and comorbidities in young adults.
  • To identify differences in complication rates between type-1 and type-2 diabetes in this age group.
  • To emphasize the need for further research into factors influencing diabetes management in young individuals.

Main Methods:

  • The study analyzed data from a recent publication in JAMA.
  • The focus was on young adults diagnosed with type-1 or type-2 diabetes.

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  • The research examined the occurrence of diabetes-related complications and comorbidities.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant proportion of young adults with diabetes develop complications and comorbidities.
    • These health issues manifest even after a relatively short disease duration.
    • Young adults with type-2 diabetes experience these complications more frequently than those with type-1 diabetes.

    Conclusions:

    • Early development of complications is a critical issue in young adults with diabetes.
    • Type-2 diabetes in young adults is associated with a higher burden of complications.
    • Future research must explore medical, social, and psychological factors to enhance diabetes care for young people.