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Publisher Correction: Brain charts for the human lifespan.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in Fruit Flies — Genetic Models and Behavioral Tests
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Toward a conceptual framework for early brain and behavior development in autism.

J Piven1,2, J T Elison3, M J Zylka1,4

  • 1Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Molecular Psychiatry
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Autism features emerge in the second year of life, following early brain overgrowth in high-risk infants. Understanding these developmental changes is key for early autism intervention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) features manifest later in infancy.
  • Infant siblings of autistic individuals have elevated autism risk.
  • Early brain development patterns may predict later ASD diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurodevelopmental trajectory in infants at high risk for autism.
  • To establish a conceptual framework for early autism development.
  • To identify critical periods for intervention in autism.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal neuroimaging studies of high-risk infant siblings.
  • Analysis of brain development patterns (cortical surface area, brain volume).
  • Integration of genetic risk data and rodent models.

Main Results:

  • High-risk infants later diagnosed with autism show cortical hyper-expansion in year one.
  • Brain volume overgrowth occurs in year two, correlating with social deficits.
  • A model suggests disrupted neural progenitor proliferation and altered experience-dependent development.

Conclusions:

  • Autism development involves specific early-postnatal brain changes.
  • Disrupted neural development in infancy precedes overt autism symptoms.
  • Understanding infant brain development is crucial for early autism intervention.