Appearance of sialoglycoproteins in encysting cells of Entamoeba histolytica

Amoeba-bacterium cultures of Entamoeba histolytica transferred to a hypoosmotic medium depleted of nutrients changed morphologically and biochemically. The cells ejected grains of rice starch, rounded up, and formed a distinct cell wall that was resistant to detergent, bound the sialic acid-specific lectin from Limulus polyphemus, and became fluorescent with Calcofluor M2R. A subpopulation of these cells displayed more than one nucleus. All these signs are characteristic of encysting cells and were also observed in cysts obtained from a human patient. The morphological changes were accompanied by the appearance of two new glycoproteins with apparent molecular sizes of 100 and 150 kilodaltons which contained sialic acid. Sialic acid has been reported to be absent from trophozoites of Entamoeba species. The presence of this sugar residue on cyst-specific proteins parallels recently reported findings during the encystation of the related reptilian parasite Entamoeba invadens. This may indicate a basic role for sialic acid in the encystation of Entamoeba parasites.