Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

2.6K
Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
2.6K
Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

28.0K
Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
28.0K
Types of Intermediate Filaments01:31

Types of Intermediate Filaments

5.0K
The intermediate filaments are an essential component of the cytoskeleton. Presently six types of intermediate filament have been identified. Type I and II are acidic and basic keratin proteins. Type III is of mesodermal origin and comprises four proteins: vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Vimentin is commonly found in mesenchymal cells, desmin in muscle cells, GFAP in astrocytes, while peripherin is found in peripheral nervous system neurons (PNS). Type...
5.0K
Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:12

Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments

6.2K
The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
6.2K
Introduction to the Cytoskeleton01:33

Introduction to the Cytoskeleton

35.7K
Overview of the Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments present within the cell, having three distinct filaments ̶   microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Each has characteristic features that distinguish them, including the dynamics of their assembly and disassembly, mechanical properties, polarity, and the type of molecular motors associated with them. Earlier, they were thought to be present only in eukaryotic cells; however, their...
35.7K
Nervous Tissue: Neuron Types01:19

Nervous Tissue: Neuron Types

6.8K
Neurons, the fundamental units of the nervous system, can be classified based on both their structural and functional characteristics.
Structurally, neurons are categorized into three main types: multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar (or pseudounipolar). Multipolar neurons, which are the most common type in the brain and spinal cord, as well as all motor neurons, possess multiple dendrites and a single axon.
Bipolar neurons, on the other hand, have one primary dendrite and one axon. They are...
6.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chenodeoxycholic Acid Derivative HS-1200 Inhibits Hepatocarcinogenesis and Improves Liver Function in Diethylnitrosamine-Exposed Rats by Downregulating MTH1.

BioMed research international·2017
Same author

L1198F Mutation Resensitizes Crizotinib to ALK by Altering the Conformation of Inhibitor and ATP Binding Sites.

International journal of molecular sciences·2017
Same author

Evaluation of Rice Resistance to Southern Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus and Rice Ragged Stunt Virus through Combined Field Tests, Quantitative Real-Time PCR, and Proteome Analysis.

Viruses·2017
Same author

Urinary Antibiotics of Pregnant Women in Eastern China and Cumulative Health Risk Assessment.

Environmental science & technology·2017
Same author

Ambient temperature and emergency department visits: Time-series analysis in 12 Chinese cities.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)·2017
Same author

Selective determination of sulfonamides from environmental water based on magnetic surface molecularly imprinting technology.

Environmental science and pollution research international·2017
Same journal

THE RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN: A MASTER TUMOR SUPPRESSOR ACTS AS A LINK BETWEEN CELL CYCLE AND CELL ADHESION.

Cell health and cytoskeleton·2017
Same journal

Alterations in cancer cell mechanical properties after fluid shear stress exposure: a micropipette aspiration study.

Cell health and cytoskeleton·2015
Same journal

New developments in C5a receptor signaling.

Cell health and cytoskeleton·2013
Same journal

The effect of nicotine on the mechanical properties of mesenchymal stem cells.

Cell health and cytoskeleton·2012
Same journal

Role of apoptosis-inducing factor, proline dehydrogenase, and NADPH oxidase in apoptosis and oxidative stress.

Cell health and cytoskeleton·2012
Same journal

Endothelial contractile cytoskeleton and microvascular permeability.

Cell health and cytoskeleton·2011
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Measuring Properties of the Membrane Periodic Skeleton of the Axon Initial Segment using 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy 3D-SIM
07:40

Measuring Properties of the Membrane Periodic Skeleton of the Axon Initial Segment using 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy 3D-SIM

Published on: February 11, 2022

2.4K

Classification of axonal subtypes based on cytoskeletal components.

Ye Z Spector1,2, Qi Zhao3, Xiaopeng Zhao2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.

Cell Health and Cytoskeleton
|September 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retinal ganglion cell axons can be classified into seven subtypes based on their actin filaments, microtubules, and neurofilaments. This classification aids in studying ocular diseases affecting these vital nerve cells.

Keywords:
F-actincytoskeletal componentsmicrotubulesneurofilamentsretina

More Related Videos

In Situ Visualization of Axon Growth and Growth Cone Dynamics in Acute Ex Vivo Embryonic Brain Slice Cultures
10:45

In Situ Visualization of Axon Growth and Growth Cone Dynamics in Acute Ex Vivo Embryonic Brain Slice Cultures

Published on: October 14, 2021

4.2K
Measuring Axonal Cargo Transport in Mouse Primary Cortical Cultured Neurons
04:39

Measuring Axonal Cargo Transport in Mouse Primary Cortical Cultured Neurons

Published on: February 24, 2023

601

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Measuring Properties of the Membrane Periodic Skeleton of the Axon Initial Segment using 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy 3D-SIM
07:40

Measuring Properties of the Membrane Periodic Skeleton of the Axon Initial Segment using 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy 3D-SIM

Published on: February 11, 2022

2.4K
In Situ Visualization of Axon Growth and Growth Cone Dynamics in Acute Ex Vivo Embryonic Brain Slice Cultures
10:45

In Situ Visualization of Axon Growth and Growth Cone Dynamics in Acute Ex Vivo Embryonic Brain Slice Cultures

Published on: October 14, 2021

4.2K
Measuring Axonal Cargo Transport in Mouse Primary Cortical Cultured Neurons
04:39

Measuring Axonal Cargo Transport in Mouse Primary Cortical Cultured Neurons

Published on: February 24, 2023

601

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are crucial for vision and have diverse subtypes.
  • RGC axons contain actin filaments (F-actin), microtubules, and neurofilaments (NFs) in varying amounts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify RGC axon subtypes based on cytoskeletal component content.
  • To investigate the topographical distribution of these axon subtypes in rodent retinas.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-mount retinas stained for F-actin, microtubules, and NFs.
  • Confocal microscopy used for high-resolution imaging of axons.
  • Staining intensity quantified to determine relative cytoskeletal component levels and classify subtypes.

Main Results:

  • Seven axon subtypes identified (FMN, FM, FN, MN, F, M, N) based on cytoskeletal composition.
  • The FMN subtype was the most prevalent.
  • Axon subtypes containing NFs showed differential distribution between central and peripheral retina; axonal size varied by subtype.

Conclusions:

  • RGC axons can be subtyped by their cytoskeletal protein content.
  • This classification offers a novel approach for investigating selective axonal damage in neuropathic eye conditions.