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Extraction: Advanced Methods

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...

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In Vitro Reconstitution of Light-harvesting Complexes of Plants and Green Algae

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Carotenoid extraction methods: A review of recent developments.

Ramesh Kumar Saini¹, Young-Soo Keum¹

¹Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.

|September 27, 2017

Summary

Optimizing carotenoid extraction is key for feed, food, and pharma industries. This review covers conventional and advanced methods like ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for efficient recovery.

Keywords:

Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)Green extraction Ionic liquids (IL)Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)

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Area of Science:

Food Science
Biochemistry
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Carotenoids are vital pigments with diverse applications in food, feed, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
Efficient extraction of carotenoids is crucial due to their varied polarity and complex food matrix barriers.
Optimization of extraction methods is essential for maximizing carotenoid recovery and purity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review conventional and non-conventional methods for carotenoid extraction.
To highlight recent advancements in extraction technologies and solvent applications.
To identify future research challenges in carotenoid extraction.

Main Methods:

Review of established and emerging carotenoid extraction techniques.
Discussion of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE).
Analysis of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE).

Main Results:

Conventional and non-conventional methods offer different efficiencies for carotenoid recovery.
Advanced techniques like UAE, PLE, and SFE show promise for improved extraction yields.
Green solvents and ionic liquids (IL) are emerging as sustainable alternatives for carotenoid extraction.

Conclusions:

The selection of carotenoid extraction methods must consider matrix complexity and carotenoid properties.
Advanced extraction techniques and eco-friendly solvents offer significant potential for optimizing carotenoid recovery.
Further research is needed to address challenges in scaling up and cost-effectiveness of novel extraction methods.