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Superconducting Qubits as Mechanical Quantum Engines.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Solid-state physics

Background:

  • Quantum engines offer a novel approach to energy conversion at the quantum level.
  • Superconducting qubits, like the radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference device (rf-SQUID) flux qubit, are promising candidates for quantum computation and sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the functional equivalence between a superconducting qubit and a quantum mechanical engine.
  • To analyze the nonequilibrium work exchanged with a quantum-nonadiabatic working medium modeled as a multilevel coupled quantum well system.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling the working medium as a multilevel coupled quantum well system.
  • Solving the quantum dynamics for arbitrary control protocols.
  • Analyzing the components of work output, including instantaneous population-dependent work and coherence-dependent work.

Main Results:

  • The work output of the quantum engine consists of two distinct components: one dependent on instantaneous level populations and another arising from quantum coherences.
  • Nonadiabatic coherent dynamics in the quantum engine induce a friction-like force, which diminishes the overall work output.
  • Demonstrated functional equivalence between the proposed quantum engine and an rf-SQUID flux qubit.

Conclusions:

  • Superconducting qubits can be functionally equivalent to pistonlike mechanical quantum engines.
  • Quantum coherences play a crucial role in the performance of quantum engines, introducing dissipative effects.
  • Understanding these quantum thermodynamic effects is essential for designing and optimizing quantum devices.