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Autonomic neuroeffector mechanisms: recent developments
1Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, United Kingdom.
Functional Neurology
|October 1, 1987
Summary
Peripheral autonomic control involves complex neuroeffector junctions with diverse neurotransmitters. These include classical transmitters, peptides, purines, and amino acids acting as cotransmitters or neuromodulators for sophisticated regulation.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Autonomic Nervous System Physiology
Background:
- Peripheral autonomic control mechanisms are more complex than previously understood.
- The autonomic neuroeffector junction plays a crucial role in transmitting signals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define the autonomic neuroeffector junction and explore its sophisticated control mechanisms.
- To highlight the diverse range of neurotransmitters and their roles beyond classical transmitters.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on autonomic neuroeffector junctions.
- Analysis of neurotransmitter release from nerve varicosities and terminal branching.
- Examination of cotransmission and neuromodulation at various neuroeffector junctions.
Main Results:
- Autonomic neuroeffector junctions utilize 'en passage' release of transmitters from extensive nerve fiber networks.
- Multiple neurotransmitter substances, including peptides, purines, indoleamines, and amino acids, coexist with acetylcholine and noradrenaline.
- These substances function as cotransmitters or neuromodulators, influencing sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory-motor pathways.
Conclusions:
- Peripheral autonomic control is mediated by sophisticated neuroeffector junctions with a wide array of neurotransmitters.
- Coexistence and release of multiple neurotransmitters allow for intricate regulation and modulation of autonomic functions.
- Locally released agents and endothelial-derived substances further contribute to peripheral control, including vasodilation.