Two-state model for nematic liquid crystals made of bent-core molecules

Nematic (N) liquid crystals made of bent-core molecules exhibit unusual physical properties such as an intermediate phase between the N and isotropic (I) phases, a very weak NI transition as inferred from magnetic birefringence measurements in a low field, which is apparently incompatible with a large shift in the NI transition temperature (T_{ni}) measured under a high field. Using our conformational studies on the aromatic cores, we propose that only conformers which are more straightened than those in the ground state (GS) form clusters with a few layers, which persist even in the isotropic phase, as inferred from x-ray and rheological experiments. We present a Landau-de Gennes theory of the medium, including an orientational coupling between the clusters and the GS molecules, which accounts for all the unusual properties. The intermediate phase to isotropic transition is predicted to exhibit critical behavior at a very low magnetic field of <1kG.