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Interoception and emotion.

Hugo D Critchley1, Sarah N Garfinkel1

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Emotional feelings stem from bodily signals processed by interoception. New research clarifies interoceptive mechanisms, enhancing our understanding of emotion and its disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Prominent theories link emotional states to internal bodily physiological changes.
  • Interoception, the processing of internal bodily signals, is crucial for understanding this link.
  • Recent advancements have refined the conceptualization and neural basis of interoception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize recent empirical findings on interoceptive mechanisms and their role in emotion.
  • To explore novel insights into interoceptive effects on neural and mental processes.
  • To integrate models of interoceptive predictive coding with anatomical and experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of recent empirical data on interoception.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging and experimental findings related to interoceptive processing.
  • Examination of theoretical models, including interoceptive predictive coding.

Main Results:

  • Identified short-term interoceptive effects on neural and mental processes, including fear responses.
  • Recognized distinct psychological dimensions of interoception.
  • Supported models of interoceptive predictive coding for emotions and selfhood using anatomical and brain data.

Conclusions:

  • Interoception plays a fundamental role in the generation and experience of emotions.
  • Understanding interoceptive mechanisms provides critical insights into emotional regulation and disorders.
  • This growing knowledge base significantly advances the fields of emotion science and affective neuroscience.