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Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Parallel Processing01:20

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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

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Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
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Color Vision01:24

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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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Attentional selection of multiple objects in the human visual system.

Xilin Zhang1, Nicole Mlynaryk1, Shruti Japee1

  • 1Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Neuroimage
|September 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Object-based attention can select multiple objects simultaneously, even when they differ in features or locations. This finding expands our understanding of attention and its neural underpinnings in the frontal and parietal cortex.

Keywords:
Fusiform face areaInferior frontal gyrusIntraparietal sulcusObject-based attentionParahippocampal place areafMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Traditional object-based attention models focus on selecting a single object.
  • Real-world tasks frequently demand simultaneous attention to multiple objects.
  • The capacity for object-based attention to handle multiple objects is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether object-based attention can operate on more than one object concurrently.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms supporting simultaneous object-based attention.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to study brain activity.
  • Participants performed object-based attention tasks requiring simultaneous focus on two objects.
  • Objects varied in either their features (e.g., face, house) or locations.

Main Results:

  • Simultaneous attention to objects differing in features did not alter responses in specialized visual areas (FFA, PPA) but enhanced activity in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG).
  • Simultaneous attention to objects differing in location did not change responses in the primary visual cortex (V1) but enhanced activity in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS).

Conclusions:

  • Object-based attention can indeed select at least two objects simultaneously, whether they differ in features or locations.
  • The frontal cortex (IFG) appears involved in feature-based simultaneous attention.
  • The parietal cortex (IPS) seems crucial for location-based simultaneous attention.