Xenogeneic antibodies and atopic disease

Xenogeneic antibodies can survive food processing procedures with their biological activity intact and even enhanced. These antibodies can be absorbed from the human gut, and will function both as antigens and antibodies in the human immune system. Antibodies to bovine gamma globulins (BGG) have been detected in human sera and the family of anti-BGG antibodies must include anti-idiotypic antibodies, very low doses of which can influence the immune response. The hypothesis is that the human immune system may be primed by low-level exposure to xenogeneic antibodies specific for those human allergens which are ubiquitous in the farm environment, such as pollens, mites, and moulds, the result being a deleterious and inappropriate response on subsequent exposure to these allergens. Dairy products are the most important source of xenogeneic antibodies in the western diet, and the hypothesis may partly explain the association between cow's milk and allergies to substances other than milk proteins.