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Midinfrared Electro-optic Modulation in Few-Layer Black Phosphorus.

Ruoming Peng1, Kaveh Khaliji1, Nathan Youngblood1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.

Nano Letters
|September 28, 2017
PubMed
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Black phosphorus enables efficient mid-infrared (mid-IR) electro-optic modulation. This two-dimensional material offers a layer-dependent bandgap, making it ideal for advanced optoelectronic devices.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Two-dimensional materials offer unique electronic and optical properties.
  • Black phosphorus (BP) is a semiconductor with a tunable bandgap across visible to mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectra.
  • Mid-IR optoelectronics face integration challenges with silicon photonics due to reliance on narrow-band semiconductors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate electro-optic modulation of mid-IR absorption in few-layer black phosphorus.
  • To investigate the underlying physical mechanisms governing this modulation.
  • To assess the potential of black phosphorus for mid-IR modulator applications.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental demonstration of electro-optic modulation in few-layer black phosphorus.
Keywords:
Black phosphoruselectro-absorptive modulationelectro-optic modulationmidinfraredquantum confined Franz−Keldysh effecttransmission extinction measurement

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  • Theoretical analysis to identify the dominant modulation mechanism.
  • Spectroscopic studies on black phosphorus samples of varying thicknesses.

    • Main Results:

    • Electro-optic modulation of mid-IR absorption was successfully demonstrated in few-layer black phosphorus.
    • The quantum confined Franz-Keldysh effect was identified as the primary mechanism for modulation within the studied doping range.
    • A significant layer-dependent behavior was observed in interband transitions, influencing modulator efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • Few-layer black phosphorus is a highly promising material for efficient mid-IR electro-optic modulators.
    • The layer-dependent bandgap and quantum confined Franz-Keldysh effect are key to its performance.
    • Black phosphorus presents a viable alternative to traditional narrow-band semiconductors for mid-IR photonic integration.