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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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The sympathetic division can influence tissues and organs by releasing norepinephrine at peripheral synapses and distributing epinephrine and norepinephrine through the bloodstream. In times of crisis or stress, sympathetic activation occurs, which is regulated by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. As a result, sympathetic activation prepares the body for physical exertion, rapid ATP production, and heightened alertness, allowing individuals to respond effectively to challenging or...
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The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
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The sympathetic chain ganglia, also known as the sympathetic trunk ganglia or paravertebral ganglia, are a series of ganglia located bilaterally on either side of the spinal column. These ganglia serve as relay stations for the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons originating in the spinal cord project their axons to the sympathetic chain ganglia. Within the ganglia, these preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons.The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic trunk...
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Sympathetic signaling, a vital part of the autonomic nervous system, plays a crucial role in mobilizing the body's resources in response to stress or emergencies. It involves the transmission of nerve impulses from sympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers. This results in the release of specific neurotransmitters and activation of adrenergic receptors.
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Author Spotlight: Exploring Plasticity of Sympathetic Neurons
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Progress in Sympathetically Mediated Pathological Pain.

Si-Si Chen1, Jun-Ming Zhang1

  • 1Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA.

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|September 29, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sympathetic nerve sprouting into sensory ganglia contributes to chronic pain by altering neuronal activity and promoting inflammation. Understanding these sympathetic-sensory interactions is key to managing neuropathic and inflammatory pain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Autonomic Nervous System

Background:

  • Chronic pain conditions, like complex regional pain syndrome, impose a significant societal burden.
  • Sympathetic nervous system activity can maintain or worsen certain chronic pain states.
  • Effective management of pathological pain requires understanding sympathetic-sensory system interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and functional roles of abnormal connections between sympathetic and sensory neurons.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying sympathetic sprouting in pain.
  • To discuss clinical implications of sympathetic-sensory interactions in chronic pain.

Main Methods:

  • Description of abnormal sympathetic-sensory neuronal connections.
  • Discussion of sympathetic sprouting's role in neuronal excitability and pain sensitivity.
  • Analysis of mechanisms involving neurotrophins, inflammation, and spontaneous activity.
  • Review of clinical implications and research findings.

Main Results:

  • Sympathetic fiber sprouting into dorsal root ganglia after nerve injury explains sympathetic involvement in pain.
  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release from sympathetic nerve endings contributes to sympathetic-mediated pain.
  • Sympathetic innervation plays a role in local inflammatory responses.

Conclusions:

  • This review aims to stimulate research into sympathetic-sensory interactions in chronic pain.
  • Enhanced understanding of the sympathetic system's contribution to chronic pain is crucial for clinical management.