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Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.
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Gender Stereotypes.

Naomi Ellemers1

  • 1Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands;

Annual Review of Psychology
|September 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gender stereotypes reflect and shape real differences between men and women. Understanding these stereotypes is crucial for fair judgment and recognizing their impact on life outcomes.

Keywords:
backlash effectscommunicationgenderimplicit biasobjectificationstereotyping

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Gender stereotypes are widely shared beliefs about men and women's thinking and behavior.
  • These stereotypes may stem from and influence actual gender differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on the nature and content of gender stereotypes.
  • To examine the relationship between gender stereotypes and life outcomes.
  • To understand the cognitive and motivational functions of gender stereotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of empirical studies on gender stereotypes.
  • Analysis of how stereotypes affect information processing (attention, interpretation, memory).

Main Results:

  • Gender stereotypes influence self-perception and how individuals are treated.
  • Stereotypes impact cognitive processes related to self and others.
  • Evidence suggests stereotypes play a role in various life outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Gender stereotypes are powerful cognitive and motivational constructs.
  • Understanding gender stereotypes is essential for fair individual assessment.
  • Knowledge of gender stereotypes can mitigate their negative impact.