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Bipolar Disorder and Cognitive Dysfunction: A Complex Link.
Gabriele Cipriani1, Sabrina Danti, Cecilia Carlesi
1*Neurology Unit, Versilia Hospital, Lido di Camaiore (Lu); †Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, Pisa University School of Medicine, Pisa; and ‡Psychiatry Unit, Versilia Hospital, Lido di Camaiore (Lu), Italy.
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
|September 30, 2017
Summary
Cognitive impairments are common in bipolar disorder (BD), persisting even during remission. These persistent cognitive dysfunctions in attention, memory, and executive functions significantly impact daily life.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder (BD) was historically considered infrequent and episodic.
- Previous research primarily focused on cognitive deficits during affective episodes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize current evidence on cognitive functioning and dementia in bipolar disorder.
- To evaluate the prevalence and nature of cognitive impairments across all BD phases.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of Cochrane Library and PubMed.
- Inclusion of articles, chapters, and books published before 2016.
- Qualitative synthesis of 159 selected studies.
Main Results:
- Cognitive impairments in BD are stable and persistent, occurring across all phases, including remission.
- Key affected domains include attention, memory, and executive functions.
- The etiology may involve neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative processes.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive dysfunction is a significant and enduring feature of bipolar disorder.
- These impairments contribute substantially to functional disability in BD patients.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of cognitive decline in BD.
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