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Executive Functions Brain System: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-analytic Study.

Alfredo Ardila¹, Byron Bernal², Monica Rosselli³

¹Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

|September 30, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals distinct brain networks for reasoning and inhibitory control, highlighting specific cortical and subcortical areas. Reasoning primarily engages the left hemisphere, while inhibition shows a rightward advantage.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Neuroimaging

Background:

Executive functions are crucial cognitive processes.
Reasoning and inhibitory control are key executive functions with overlapping but distinct neural underpinnings.
Understanding their neural basis is essential for cognitive science.

Purpose of the Study:

To delineate the common and distinct brain regions involved in reasoning and inhibitory control.
To investigate the hemispheric lateralization of these two executive functions.
To characterize the neural networks supporting executive functions.

Main Methods:

Meta-analysis of 5,974 participants from 346 fMRI experiments on inhibition or reasoning.
Analysis of Likelihood Estimation (ALE) to identify brain areas for each function.
Contrasting brain activity to find unique regions for reasoning and inhibition, and calculating Lateralization Indexes.

Main Results:

Key brain areas include the dorsolateral frontal lobes, superior parietal lobules, supplementary motor area, putamen, and thalamus.
Reasoning predominantly activated left-hemisphere regions (leftward advantage).
Inhibitory control predominantly activated right-hemisphere regions (rightward advantage).

Conclusions:

Executive functions are supported by extensive cortical and subcortical networks.
Hemispheric dissociation exists, with right-lateralized activation for inhibition and left-lateralized activation for reasoning.
These findings clarify the distinct neural architectures of core executive functions.