Asymmetric effects in waveguide systems using PT symmetry and zero index metamaterials

Here we demonstrate directional excitation and asymmetric reflection by using parity-time (PT) symmetric and zero index metamaterials (ZIMs) in a three-port waveguide system. The principle lies on that the field distribution at gain/ loss interface is significantly affected by the incident direction of electromagnetic wave. By taking advantage of the empty volume feature of ZIMs, these asymmetric effects are extended to a more general three-port waveguide system. In addition, by exciting a weak modulated signal in branch port in our proposed design, unidirectional transmission with an unbroken propagation state is achieved, opening up a new way distinguished from the present technologies.