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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks
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On the difference of cardiorespiratory synchronisation and coordination.

Harald Krause1, Jan F Kraemer1, Thomas Penzel1

  • 1AG NLD - Cardiovascular Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
|October 2, 2017
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Summary

Cardiorespiratory coordination (CRC) differs from cardiorespiratory phase synchronisation (CRS), revealing a novel heartbeat-initiated inspiration link. Both CRC and CRS can be quantified using adapted methods and are independent of respiratory sinus arrhythmia.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Cardiorespiratory Interactions
  • Data Analysis

Background:

  • Cardiorespiratory phase synchronisation (CRS) has been studied for 20 years, primarily in relaxed states, without clear clinical implications.
  • Cardiorespiratory coordination (CRC) is a novel approach analyzing heartbeats relative to respiratory onsets in the time domain.
  • The clinical relevance of CRC hinges on its information content independent of CRS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cardiorespiratory coordination (CRC) and its relationship with cardiorespiratory phase synchronisation (CRS).
  • To analyze exemplary datasets from a preeclampsia study and a sleep apnea patient.
  • To compare CRC and CRS, and investigate CRC's relation to respiratory sinus arrhythmia.

Main Methods:

  • Graphical and statistical analyses were employed.
  • Two datasets were used: one from a pregnant woman (preeclampsia study) and one from a man with sleep apnea.
  • Methods for quantifying CRS were adapted for CRC analysis.

Main Results:

  • Fundamental differences were observed between CRC and CRS analyses.
  • A previously unknown dependency between heart activity and respiratory rate was identified, suggesting heartbeat-initiated inspiration.
  • CRC and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were found to be orthogonal, similar to CRS.

Conclusions:

  • CRC presents distinct characteristics compared to CRS.
  • The findings suggest a potential mechanism of heartbeat-initiated inspiration.
  • CRC and CRS can be quantified using adapted methods and are independent phenomena.