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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Overview
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Point and Frameshift Mutations01:30

Point and Frameshift Mutations

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Point mutations are genetic alterations involving the change of a single nucleotide base pair in DNA. Depending on how the alteration affects protein synthesis, they can lead to various consequences.Point mutations fall into the following types:Silent mutations occur when a nucleotide change does not alter the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code. For instance, changing ACC to ACA still encodes threonine, leaving the protein function unaffected. This occurs because...
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Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

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Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
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Standardized Modular Assembly of Polycistronic Operons with Modular Cloning (MoClo) using the In-Cloning toolkit
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APOBEC: From mutator to editor.

Bei Yang1, Xiaosa Li2, Liqun Lei2

  • 1Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.

Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi Chuan Xue Bao
|October 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) enzymes are linked to cancer genome mutations. Combining APOBECs with CRISPR/Cas9 enhances gene editing precision for potential therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
APOBECBase editingBase editorCRISPR/Cas9Mutagenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • APOBECs are cytidine deaminases targeting single-stranded nucleic acids.
  • APOBEC family members contribute to cancer genome hypermutations, impacting prognosis.
  • APOBECs have been integrated with CRISPR/Cas9 for advanced gene editing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review APOBEC physiological functions and structural features.
  • To examine APOBECs' role as endogenous mutators in carcinogenesis.
  • To survey APOBEC-CRISPR/Cas9 tools, their capabilities, and future potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of APOBEC functions and roles in cancer.
  • Analysis of APOBEC-CRISPR/Cas9 system applications and variations.
  • Discussion of current limitations and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • APOBECs possess diverse physiological roles and structural characteristics.
  • APOBEC-mediated hypermutations are implicated in cancer development.
  • APOBEC-CRISPR/Cas9 systems offer enhanced single-base precision gene editing.

Conclusions:

  • APOBEC enzymes are crucial in both normal cellular processes and cancer progression.
  • The APOBEC-CRISPR/Cas9 fusion represents a significant advancement in gene editing technology.
  • Further development of APOBEC-CRISPR/Cas9 tools holds promise for novel therapeutic strategies.