Where does the One-Repetition Maximum Exist on the Force-Velocity Relationship in Squat?

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Sports Science
• Human Movement

Background:

• The force-velocity (F-V) relationship is crucial for understanding muscle power.
• The one-repetition maximum (1RM) represents maximal strength but its precise position on the F-V curve is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the position of the 1RM squat point on the F-V relationship derived from squat jumps (SJ).
• To assess the goodness of fit of the F-V relationship including the 1RM condition.

Main Methods:

• Ten athletes performed 1RM squats with simultaneous measurement of ground reaction force and lower-limb extension velocity.
• Six loaded squat jumps were used to establish individual F-V relationships.
• Statistical analysis compared the F-V relationship with and without the 1RM data point.

Main Results:

• The goodness of fit for the F-V relationship did not significantly differ whether the 1RM point was included or excluded.
• The 1RM point was found to be slightly below the extrapolated F-V curve (-5±5%, P=0.018).
• The velocity at 1RM was approximately 30% of the velocity at the highest loaded SJ, and force was ~16% higher than the highest loaded SJ but ~11% lower than theoretical maximal force (F0).

Conclusions:

• The 1RM squat can be considered a valid point on the F-V relationship.
• Distinctions exist between theoretical maximal force (F0) and the force achieved during a 1RM effort.