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Related Concept Videos

Determination01:51

Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Lineage Commitment01:21

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Differentiation and Characterization of Neural Progenitors and Neurons from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
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Differentiation and Characterization of Neural Progenitors and Neurons from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: May 15, 2020

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Transcriptome analysis reveals determinant stages controlling human embryonic stem cell commitment to neuronal cells.

Yuanyuan Li1, Ran Wang1, Nan Qiao2

  • 1From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|October 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding human neural commitment is key to preventing neurodevelopmental disorders. This study reveals intrinsic transcription factors like SIX3 and HESX1 are crucial for this process in human embryonic stem cells.

Keywords:
embryonic stem cellhumanneurodevelopmentneurodifferentiationtranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Proper neural commitment is vital for human brain development and preventing neurodevelopmental diseases.
  • The molecular mechanisms governing human neural commitment are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of neural commitment during early human brain development.
  • To identify key genes and stages involved in the transition from pluripotency to neural lineage.

Main Methods:

  • Established a neural differentiation system using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).
  • Performed comprehensive RNA sequencing to analyze transcriptome dynamics.
  • Utilized weighted gene co-expression network analysis and CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockouts.

Main Results:

  • Identified five distinct stages of hESC neurodevelopmental trajectory.
  • Revealed a critical window (days 8-10) for fate switch to the neural lineage, independent of extrinsic signals.
  • Demonstrated that intrinsic transcription factors SIX3 and HESX1 are essential for neural determination.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides insights into the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of human neural commitment.
  • Findings may help understand the etiology of mental disorders and advance therapeutic strategies.