ANGPTL3 serum concentration and rare genetic variants in Finnish population

Genetic variants of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) are associated with serum triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration in GWASs. ANGPTL3 deficiency causes declined TG, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) serum concentration, a phenotype defined as familial combined hypolipidaemia (FHBL2). Our aim is to establish whether ANGPTL3 serum protein concentration correlates with lipoproteins and lipids in hyper- or hypolipidaemic subjects, and whether ANGPTL3 sequence variants are associated with untypical lipid profiles. Additionally, 10 subjects with very low lipoprotein concentrations were sequenced for ANGPTL3 for possible loss-of-function (LOF) variants. Study subjects were selected from Finnish FINRISK and Health 2000 surveys. ANGPTL protein concentrations were measured by ELISA method. As a result, ANGPTL3 serum concentration correlated positively with age, phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activities, but not with any of the lipid or lifestyle attributes. No ANGPTL3 variants were found among sequenced samples. Subjects who carried ANGPTL3 sequence variants rs12563308 (n = 4) and rs199772471 (n = 1) had abnormally high TC and LDL-C concentrations. Whole exome sequencing data of these five subjects were further analyzed for rare and deleterious missense variants in genes associated with cholesterol metabolism. In conclusion, ANGPTL3 serum protein concentration did not predict lipid concentrations, unlike apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) which positively correlated with most of the lipid attributes. ANGPTL3 variant screen yielded five carriers with abnormally high TC concentration; the actual genetic causality, however, could not be verified.