Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

1.9K
The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
1.9K
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

2.3K
The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
2.3K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

14.0K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
14.0K
Lifestyle Factors and Health01:20

Lifestyle Factors and Health

526
Lifestyle factors play a critical role in maintaining overall health and preventing chronic diseases. Key elements, such as regular physical activity, a nutritious diet, and abstinence from smoking, can significantly enhance physical, mental, and emotional well-being while reducing the risk of several life-threatening conditions.
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...
526
Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

1.3K
A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
1.3K
Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

5.5K
When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
5.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

HyperCKemia and rhabdomyolysis in the neuroleptic malignant and serotonin syndromes: A literature review.

Neuromuscular disorders : NMD·2020
Same author

Associations between caries levels and BMI measures among five-year-old children. Analysis and cross-sectional multi-variable analysis at individual child level.

Community dental health·2020
Same author

A multi-variable analysis of four factors affecting caries levels among five-year-old children; deprivation, ethnicity, exposure to fluoridated water and geographic region.

Community dental health·2018
Same author

The caries experience of 5 year-old children in Scotland in 2013-2014, and in England and Wales in 2014-2015. Reports of cross-sectional dental surveys using BASCD criteria.

Community dental health·2017
Same author

A summary of knowledge about the oral health of older people in England and Wales.

Community dental health·2017
Same author

Feasibility, utility and impact of a national dental epidemiological survey of three-year-old children in England 2013.

Community dental health·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
08:12

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

10.7K

Why are caries levels reducing in five-year-olds in England?

G M Davies1, J Neville1, K Jones1

  • 1Public Health England, 5th Floor, 3 Piccadilly Place, Manchester, M1 3BN.

British Dental Journal
|October 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Dental caries in 5-year-olds in England decreased, likely due to increased availability of children's toothpaste with 1,000 ppm fluoride. Other factors were explored but not sustained as primary causes.

More Related Videos

Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries
08:20

Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries

Published on: March 31, 2021

7.0K
Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
10:42

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Published on: December 31, 2017

18.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
08:12

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

10.7K
Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries
08:20

Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries

Published on: March 31, 2021

7.0K
Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
10:42

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Published on: December 31, 2017

18.0K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Pediatric Dentistry

Background:

  • Population caries levels in 5-year-old children in England have shown a notable reduction since 2008.
  • Understanding the drivers of this decline is crucial for public health policy and dental care strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multifactorial reasons behind the observed decrease in dental caries prevalence and severity among young children.
  • To evaluate the impact of potential contributing factors including survey methodology, socioeconomic status, population demographics, public health interventions, dietary sugar intake, and fluoride exposure.

Main Methods:

  • An ecological study design was employed, analyzing data from consecutive national dental epidemiology surveys (2007/8, 2011/12, 2014/15).
  • Evidence from various national sources was synthesized to assess the influence of different potential causal factors.
  • Caries outcomes were measured by visual assessment of severity and prevalence at the dentinal level.

Main Results:

  • Factors such as changes in survey methods, deprivation, ethnic mix, and community-level interventions were not supported as primary drivers of the population-level caries reduction.
  • Reduced sugar intake was considered a possible factor but could not be definitively sustained or rejected.
  • Increased availability of fluoride, specifically higher concentrations (≥1,000 ppm) in children's toothpastes, was identified as a sustained contributing factor.

Conclusions:

  • The most probable cause for the decline in dental caries among 5-year-olds in England is the increased accessibility and use of fluoride toothpastes formulated for children.
  • While other factors may play a role, the rise in appropriate fluoride exposure appears to be the leading contributor to this positive public health trend.