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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
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Estimating Human Trabecular Meshwork Stiffness by Numerical Modeling and Advanced OCT Imaging.

Ke Wang1, Murray A Johnstone2, Chen Xin3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|October 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Human trabecular meshwork (hTM) stiffness is only modestly elevated in glaucoma. Trabecular meshwork stiffness is associated with outflow facility in both normal and glaucomatous eyes.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biophysics
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness.
  • Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for glaucoma.
  • Trabecular meshwork (TM) biomechanical properties, particularly stiffness, are implicated in regulating aqueous humor outflow and intraocular pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate human trabecular meshwork (hTM) stiffness using a novel indirect approach.
  • To compare indirect stiffness estimations with direct atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements.
  • To investigate the relationship between hTM stiffness and outflow facility in glaucoma.

Main Methods:

  • Postmortem human eyes were used to measure outflow facility and identify high- and low-flow regions.
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was employed to manipulate Schlemm's canal pressure.
  • Trabecular meshwork stiffness was deduced using inverse finite element modeling (FEM) and direct AFM measurements.

Main Results:

  • The elastic modulus of normal hTM was estimated at 70 ± 20 kPa (FEM) and 1.37 ± 0.56 kPa (AFM).
  • Glaucomatous hTM showed slightly higher stiffness (98 ± 19 kPa by FEM; 2.75 ± 1.19 kPa by AFM), though not statistically significant.
  • Trabecular meshwork in high-flow regions was softer than in low-flow regions (FEM), and outflow facility correlated significantly with FEM-derived TM stiffness (P = 0.018).

Conclusions:

  • Human trabecular meshwork stiffness is modestly elevated in glaucoma.
  • Trabecular meshwork stiffness is associated with outflow facility in both normal and glaucomatous eyes.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the regulation of TM biomechanical properties.