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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Immunological Memory01:23

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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Studying Inherited Immunity in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Microsporidia Infection
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Epigenetics and Trained Immunity.

Charlotte D C C van der Heijden1, Marlies P Noz1, Leo A B Joosten1

  • 11 Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands .

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
|October 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Innate immune cells can remember past infections, a process called trained immunity. Epigenetic reprogramming is key to this memory, impacting chronic diseases and infection response.

Keywords:
epigeneticsinnate immunitymacrophagememorymonocytetrained immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Traditional immunology focused on adaptive immunity for memory.
  • Recent evidence highlights innate immune memory, termed trained immunity.
  • Trained immunity involves nonspecific responses to reinfection and may contribute to chronic diseases like atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epigenetic mechanisms underlying trained immunity.
  • To explore the role of chromatin architecture in innate immune memory.
  • To discuss future therapeutic strategies targeting trained immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of epigenomic profiles and chromatin architecture.
  • Focus on regulatory proteins and epigenetic pathways in monocytes and macrophages.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic reprogramming is a critical determinant of trained immunity.
  • Advances in epigenomic profiling reveal complex chromatin signatures.
  • Trained immunity involves adapted phenotypes in monocytes and macrophages.

Conclusions:

  • Trained immunity offers potential for preventing and treating infections.
  • Exploiting trained immunity may provide new avenues for managing chronic immune-mediated disorders.
  • Understanding epigenetic pathways is crucial for harnessing trained immunity.