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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
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Advances in Agrobacterium-mediated Maize Transformation.

Heng Zhong1, Sivamani Elumalai1, Samson Nalapalli1

  • 1Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A new bulk embryo extraction method significantly speeds up maize transformation. This technique, combined with optimized Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery, enhances transformation efficiency using phosphomannose isomerase as a selectable marker.

Keywords:
Agrobacterium-mediated transformationBulk embryo isolationElite inbred lineImmature embryosMaize transformationMannose selectionPhosphomannose isomerase (PMI) geneTransgenic event

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biotechnology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Maize transformation is crucial for crop improvement but limited by slow manual embryo isolation.
  • Efficient genetic modification of maize is essential for agricultural advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, rapid method for bulk embryo extraction in maize.
  • To optimize conditions for high-efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated maize transformation.
  • To evaluate the use of phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) as a selectable marker.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a bulk embryo extraction technique for maize.
  • Optimization of gene delivery parameters for biolistic and Agrobacterium methods.
  • Establishment of optimal tissue culture conditions for transformed embryos.
  • Utilizing phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) for selection.

Main Results:

  • The novel method allows fast isolation of a large number of immature maize embryos.
  • Optimized conditions led to high efficiency in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
  • Successful selection of transformed maize using phosphomannose isomerase (PMI).

Conclusions:

  • The developed bulk embryo extraction method overcomes a major limitation in maize transformation.
  • This technique facilitates both biolistic and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols.
  • Optimized Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with PMI offers a highly efficient route for maize genetic engineering.