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Viscoelastic Dissipation Stabilizes Cell Shape Changes during Tissue Morphogenesis.

Raphaël Clément1, Benoît Dehapiot1, Claudio Collinet1

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular forces drive tissue morphogenesis. This study reveals that actin-dependent dissipation stabilizes active cell shape changes, requiring coordination between force generation and dissipation for tissue development.

Keywords:
mechanicsmodelingmorphogenesismyosin pulsesoptical tweezersviscoelasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Tissue morphogenesis depends on active cellular forces.
  • Understanding the conversion of mechanical forces into cell shape changes is crucial for developmental biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how transient forces from myosin II activity generate irreversible cell shape changes during Drosophila embryogenesis.
  • Determine the role of dissipation in stabilizing active junctional deformation.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed junction shortening and elongation dynamics caused by myosin II pulses.
  • Modeled cell shape changes using a viscoelastic description.
  • Applied time-controlled forces using optical tweezers.
  • Assessed the impact of actin turnover on deformation reversibility.

Main Results:

  • Longer myosin II pulses resulted in less reversible deformations, indicating dissipative mechanics.
  • Viscoelastic modeling predicted dissipation on the minute timescale, matching myosin II pulse duration.
  • Pharmacological reduction of actin turnover increased the reversibility of contractile events.

Conclusions:

  • Active junctional deformation is stabilized by actin-dependent dissipation.
  • Tissue morphogenesis necessitates a coordinated interplay between force generation and dissipation.