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Task-dependent cold stress during expeditions in Antarctic environments.

Drew M Morris1, June J Pilcher1, Robert B Powell2

  • 1a Department of Psychology , Clemson University , Clemson , SC , USA.

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Summary

Antarctic tour leaders experience significant cold stress, with kayaking leading to greater perceived cold and discomfort. Activity type influences hypothermia risk, not necessarily discomfort, highlighting potential injury risks for tourism workers.

Keywords:
AntarcticaOccupational healthcold stressenvironmental stresstourism

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental physiology
  • Occupational health and safety
  • Polar tourism research

Background:

  • Antarctic tourism involves significant occupational cold stress for tour leaders.
  • Understanding physiological responses to cold during excursions is crucial for safety.
  • Previous research has not fully detailed the impact of specific activities on cold stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify body cooling, cold perception, and physical discomfort in Antarctic tour leaders.
  • To assess the influence of different occupational tasks (kayaking, snorkelling, zodiac outings) on cold stress.
  • To identify factors contributing to cold-related risks within the Antarctic tourism industry.

Main Methods:

  • Eight experienced expedition leaders were monitored across three Antarctic voyages.
  • Objective measures included skin temperature logging and environmental data (temperature, wind velocity).
  • Subjective measures involved thermal comfort assessments; physical activity and clothing insulation were estimated.

Main Results:

  • Tour leaders faced a 6°C environment (2°C wind chill) for approximately 6 hours daily.
  • Kayaking leaders reported higher cold perception and discomfort; zodiac leaders exhibited greater skin cooling.
  • Occupational experience did not correlate with body cooling or perceived cold stress.

Conclusions:

  • Occupational cold stress in Antarctica is activity-dependent and influenced by measurement methods.
  • Activity type may moderate hypothermia risk but not necessarily discomfort, posing risks for cognitive function and cold injuries.
  • Objective and subjective measures are vital for identifying and mitigating risks in polar tourism operations.