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Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia
Published on: February 17, 2023
A nonpharmacologic approach to managing insomnia in primary care
Kelsey Taylor1, Nataliya Bilan, Nadzeya Tsytsyna
1Kelsey Taylor practices emergency medicine at NYC Health and Hospital-North Central Bronx in the Bronx, N.Y. Nataliya Bilan practices plastic surgery at Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital in New York City. Nadzeya Tsytsyna practices general surgery at New York University-Langone Hospital in Brooklyn, N.Y. At the time this article was written, Ms. Taylor, Ms. Bilan, and Ms. Tsytsyna were students in the PA program at Pace University-Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. Ellen D. Mandel is a clinical professor in the Department of PA Studies at Pace University-Lenox Hill Hospital. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
Abstract:
Insomnia, or inadequate or poor sleep leading to significant distress or impairment in functioning, is a prevalent disorder treated by primary care providers (PCPs). With millions of people across the United States suffering from insomnia, PCPs must understand the disorder's pathophysiology, perpetuating factors, and treatment, as well as its effect on patient health and the economy. Although PCPs traditionally treat insomnia with pharmaceuticals, behavioral measures are effective and should be used whenever possible. This article reviews clinically relevant principles of diagnosing and treating insomnia, highlighting nonpharmacologic treatments.
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