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Nickel phytoextraction through bacterial inoculation in Raphanus sativus.

Muhammad Javed Akhtar1, Sana Ullah1, Iftikhar Ahmad2

  • 1Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.

Chemosphere
|October 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) like Bacillus sp. CIK-516 can mitigate nickel toxicity in radish plants. This bacterial strain enhances radish growth and increases nickel uptake, suggesting its potential for phytoremediation.

Keywords:
BioaugmentationHeavy metalsPhysiologyPhytoremediationPlant growthRadish

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Plant Science
  • Bioremediation

Background:

  • Nickel (Ni) contamination in soil poses a significant threat to plant growth and agricultural productivity.
  • Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to enhance plant tolerance to various environmental stresses.
  • Radish (Raphanus sativus) is a common crop that can accumulate heavy metals from contaminated soils.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of two PGPR strains, Bacillus sp. CIK-516 and Stenotrophomonas sp. CIK-517Y, in improving radish growth and nickel uptake under varying Ni contamination levels.
  • To assess the role of PGPR in mitigating the negative effects of Ni stress on radish plants.

Main Methods:

  • A pot experiment was conducted using radish plants grown in soil with four different Ni contamination levels (0, 50, 100, 150 mg Ni kg⁻¹).
  • Two PGPR strains, Bacillus sp. CIK-516 and Stenotrophomonas sp. CIK-517Y, were inoculated to evaluate their impact on plant growth parameters and Ni uptake.
  • Plant growth, dry biomass, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, and Ni accumulation were measured.

Main Results:

  • Nickel contamination significantly reduced radish growth, biomass, chlorophyll, and nitrogen content.
  • Bacterial inoculation, particularly with Bacillus sp. CIK-516, counteracted the negative effects of Ni stress, improving all measured growth parameters.
  • Bacillus sp. CIK-516 inoculation led to significant increases in root and shoot length, biomass, root girth, chlorophyll, and nitrogen content.
  • The strain CIK-516 exhibited indole acetic acid and 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activities, contributing to plant stabilization and enhanced Ni uptake (24-257 mg kg⁻¹ in shoot, 58-609 mg kg⁻¹ in root).
  • A notable bioaccumulation factor (0.6-1.7) was observed, indicating efficient Ni accumulation in radish.

Conclusions:

  • Bacillus sp. CIK-516 is an effective PGPR for enhancing radish growth and tolerance to nickel-contaminated soils.
  • Inoculation with Bacillus sp. CIK-516 can significantly increase nickel phytoextraction in radish, offering a sustainable approach for phytoremediation.