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'Hidden' Terpenoids in Plants: Their Biosynthesis, Localization and Ecological Roles
Kazufumi Yazaki1, Gen-Ichiro Arimura2, Toshiyuki Ohnishi3
1Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011 Japan.
Plant & Cell Physiology
|October 11, 2017
Summary
This review explores atypical terpenoids, including glycosylated volatile terpenes and composite-type terpenoids. It covers their biosynthesis, localization, and diverse biological and ecological activities in plants.
Area of Science:
- Plant biochemistry
- Natural product chemistry
- Metabolomics
Background:
- Terpenoids represent the most extensive class of plant specialized metabolites.
- Most research has concentrated on terpenoids derived exclusively from isoprene units.
- Plants harbor a significant diversity of 'atypical' terpenoids not typically studied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review 'hidden' terpenoids, focusing on glycosylated volatile terpenes and composite-type terpenoids.
- To provide an overview of the biosynthesis of these atypical terpenoids.
- To summarize their localization within plant tissues and their biological and ecological functions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing studies on atypical terpenoids.
- Analysis of biosynthetic pathways for glycosylated and composite terpenoids.
- Compilation of data on the distribution and roles of these compounds.
Main Results:
- Atypical terpenoids, such as glycosylated volatile terpenes and composite-type terpenoids, are widespread in plants.
- These compounds exhibit unique biosynthetic routes, often involving non-isoprenoid precursors or modifications.
- They possess diverse biological activities and ecological roles, contributing to plant defense, signaling, and adaptation.
Conclusions:
- Atypical terpenoids represent a crucial, yet understudied, component of plant chemical diversity.
- Understanding their biosynthesis and functions is essential for a comprehensive view of plant specialized metabolism.
- Further research into these 'hidden' terpenoids will likely uncover novel compounds and biological activities.
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