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Related Concept Videos

Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
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Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

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Apoptosis, Up the Ante.

Palaniraja Thandapani1, Iannis Aifantis1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Cancer Cell
|October 11, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored a new way to fight acute myeloid leukemia by activating the BAX protein. This approach shows promise alone and when combined with venetoclax, offering new hope for cancer treatment.

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Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • The BCL2 family of proteins plays a critical role in cancer cell survival.
  • Venetoclax, a BH3-mimetic, targets BCL2 proteins, showing clinical success in oncology.
  • Targeting apoptosis pathways is a key strategy in cancer therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of a pharmacological activator of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of BAX activation in suppressing acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • To assess the combined effect of BAX activation and venetoclax in AML treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a pharmacological activator targeting the pro-apoptotic protein BAX.
  • Assessed the suppression of acute myeloid leukemia cell growth.
  • Evaluated the synergistic effects when combined with venetoclax.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that pharmacological BAX activation can suppress acute myeloid leukemia.
  • Showed that BAX activation is effective both as a monotherapy and in combination with venetoclax.
  • Indicated a potential new therapeutic strategy for AML.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacological activation of BAX presents a promising strategy for treating acute myeloid leukemia.
  • Combination therapy with BAX activators and venetoclax may enhance treatment outcomes in AML.
  • Further research into BAX-targeting agents could lead to novel cancer therapies.