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Related Concept Videos

Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Human Blastocyst Biopsy and Vitrification
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Human Blastocyst Biopsy and Vitrification

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Hopes and Difficulties for Blastocyst Complementation.

Benjamin S Freedman

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    |October 11, 2017
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers explored growing human organs in animals using human stem cells and animal embryos. This approach shows promise for future organ replacement therapies but faces significant challenges.

    Keywords:
    Embryonic stem cellGene editingInduced pluripotent stem cellInterspecies blastocyst complementationKidney transplantationMorulaOrgan farmingXenotransplantation

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    Area of Science:

    • Regenerative Medicine
    • Developmental Biology
    • Bioethics

    Background:

    • Clinical organ shortages drive research into alternative organ replacement therapies.
    • Growing human organs within animal hosts is a potential solution.
    • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) injected into animal blastocysts offer a pathway for creating human-animal chimeras.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the feasibility of generating human-animal chimeras for organ growth.
    • To investigate the combination of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and blastocyst complementation for organogenesis.
    • To evaluate the potential for clinical translation of human-animal chimera technology.

    Main Methods:

    • Creation of chimeric embryos between humans and large domestic animals (pigs, cattle).
    • Utilizing CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to modify developmental pathways.
    • Employing blastocyst complementation to support the development of human cells within the animal host.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the creation of human-animal chimeric embryos.
    • Explored the potential for generating specific human organs within these chimeras.
    • Identified key challenges and areas for future research in this field.

    Conclusions:

    • Human-animal chimeras hold promise for addressing the organ transplant waiting list.
    • Significant scientific and ethical hurdles must be overcome for clinical application.
    • Continued research is essential to refine techniques and ensure safety and efficacy.