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Quantifying Anthropogenic Stress on Groundwater Resources.

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This study introduces a framework to assess human impact on groundwater budgets. Results show many aquifers in the USA and Iran are human-dominated, highlighting risks and the need for better groundwater management.

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrology
  • Environmental Science
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Groundwater systems are crucial for water supply but face increasing anthropogenic pressures.
  • Assessing human impacts on groundwater budgets is vital for sustainable management.
  • Existing methods may not fully capture the complex interactions between human activities and aquifer regimes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a general framework for quantifying anthropogenic influences on groundwater budgets.
  • To evaluate the current aquifer regime in selected regions (USA, Germany, Iran).
  • To analyze the effects of different human water abstraction scenarios on groundwater systems.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a framework based on normalized human outflow (h_out) and inflow (h_in).
  • Application of the framework to assess aquifer regimes in selected regions.
  • Scenario analysis of changes in human water withdrawals and return flow.

Main Results:

  • Approximately one-third of studied USA aquifers and half of Iranian aquifers are human-dominated.
  • German aquifers in the study were found to be natural flow-dominated.
  • Reduced human withdrawals show potential to shift depleted aquifers towards a natural flow-dominated regime.

Conclusions:

  • A significant portion of groundwater systems in the USA and Iran are heavily influenced by human activities.
  • Groundwater sustainability is threatened in regions like northwest Iran and California.
  • Enhanced assessment, monitoring, and strict regulations are necessary to mitigate groundwater overexploitation.