Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Statistical analysis of disease onset during lifespan with left truncation.

Biometrics·2026
Same author

Eligibility of men vs. women in Alzheimer's trials: Inclusive vs. representative.

The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease·2026
Same author

Interrupted Time Series Methods for Nonrandom Sampling Study Designs With Known Sampling Weights.

Statistics in medicine·2026
Same author

Validation of a Renal Papillary Grading System: Comparison of Patients Forming Calcium Oxalate and Apatite Stones.

Journal of endourology·2026
Same author

Use of Dexamethasone in the Immediate Postoperative Period Is Associated With Increased Risk of Instrumentation and Surgical Site Complications in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spinal Fusion.

Clinical spine surgery·2026
Same author

Digital memory assessments and plasma pTau217 enable efficient preclinical Alzheimer's trials.

The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Microbe Interactions in Wound Biofilm Formation
07:16

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Microbe Interactions in Wound Biofilm Formation

Published on: June 16, 2023

2.5K

The SPOT GRADE: A New Method for Reproducibly Quantifying Surgical Wound Bleeding.

William D Spotnitz1,2, Dirk Zielske2, Valerie Centis1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.

Spine
|October 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A new SPOT GRADE (SG) scale reliably quantifies surgical bleeding severity, aiding surgeons in assessing blood loss from target bleeding sites (TBS). This tool enhances training and clinical trial eligibility assessments for improved surgical outcomes.

More Related Videos

Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
04:58

Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds

Published on: October 20, 2012

12.4K
Murine Excisional Wound Healing Model and Histological Morphometric Wound Analysis
06:36

Murine Excisional Wound Healing Model and Histological Morphometric Wound Analysis

Published on: August 21, 2020

14.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Microbe Interactions in Wound Biofilm Formation
07:16

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Microbe Interactions in Wound Biofilm Formation

Published on: June 16, 2023

2.5K
Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
04:58

Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds

Published on: October 20, 2012

12.4K
Murine Excisional Wound Healing Model and Histological Morphometric Wound Analysis
06:36

Murine Excisional Wound Healing Model and Histological Morphometric Wound Analysis

Published on: August 21, 2020

14.2K

Area of Science:

  • Surgical Innovation
  • Medical Device Development
  • Clinical Assessment Tools

Background:

  • Assessing blood loss during surgery, particularly spinal procedures, is challenging due to proximity to critical structures.
  • Existing methods for quantifying bleeding are often subjective and lack standardization.
  • The need for a reliable tool to evaluate target bleeding site (TBS) blood loss is critical for surgical decision-making and training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the SPOT GRADE (SG) scale for quantitative assessment of TBS blood loss.
  • To create a reproducible and reliable method for educating surgeons on blood loss severity.
  • To establish a potential new standard for evaluating wound blood loss in surgical settings.

Main Methods:

  • A novel benchtop apparatus was used to simulate various bleeding severities and wound sizes, generating training and testing videos.
  • Fourteen surgeons across four specialties were trained and tested on the six-level SG scale (none to extreme) and different TBS sizes.
  • Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the SG scale were evaluated using correlation coefficients.

Main Results:

  • The SG scale demonstrated high reliability, with an interclass correlation coefficient of 0.8984 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.9367.
  • Surgeons correctly identified eligible bleeds for clinical trials in 98% of cases and non-eligible bleeds in 91% of cases.
  • The accuracy in identifying true hemostasis was 98.6%, with a low probability (1.51%) of misclassifying bleeding as hemostasis.

Conclusions:

  • The SPOT GRADE (SG) scale is a reproducible and reliable tool for assessing surgical blood loss.
  • The SG scale provides a strong foundation for educating surgeons on evaluating target bleeding site blood loss.
  • This validated scale has the potential to become a new standard in the objective evaluation of wound blood loss.