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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Cystic Fibrosis: Management01:24

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
Sinus disease and chronic...
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Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
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Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
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Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
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Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice
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Chapter 11: Granulomatous diseases and chronic sinusitis.

Michael A Kohanski, Douglas D Reh

    American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
    |October 13, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Common nasal symptoms can signal serious systemic diseases like granulomatous conditions. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are key for treating these head and neck disorders.

    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Rheumatology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Nasal crusting, rhinitis, and sinusitis are common symptoms.
    • These symptoms can indicate underlying systemic disorders including infection, malignancy, or granulomatous disease.
    • Granulomatous diseases affecting the head and neck include Wegener's granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and sarcoidosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review granulomatous diseases and their rhinologic manifestations.
    • To discuss diagnostic tests for these conditions.
    • To outline systemic and local treatment options.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of granulomatous diseases.
    • Analysis of rhinologic manifestations.
    • Summary of diagnostic and treatment strategies.

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    Main Results:

    • Granulomatous diseases present with diverse nasal symptoms.
    • Diagnostic approaches involve various tests to identify the specific condition.
    • Management requires a multidisciplinary team, including otolaryngologists.

    Conclusions:

    • Otolaryngologists play a crucial role in managing patients with granulomatous diseases affecting the nose.
    • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for favorable outcomes.
    • A comprehensive understanding of these conditions aids in effective patient care.