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Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Published on: July 20, 2022
Left atrial remodeling: Regional differences between paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation
Rikitake Kogawa1, Yasuo Okumura1, Ichiro Watanabe1
1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi-kamimachi, itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
Background:
The mechanisms underlying self-perpetuation of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) are not well understood. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we conducted a study comparing left atrial (LA) electroanatomic maps obtained during sinus rhythm between patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) and patients with persistent AF (PerAF).
Methods:
The study included 23 men with PAF (age, 56.3±12.1 years) and 13 men with PerAF (age, 54.3±13.4 years). LA voltage mapping was performed during sinus rhythm. The clinical and electroanatomic characteristics of the two groups were evaluated and analyzed statistically.
Results:
The bipolar voltages at the LA septum, roof, and posterior wall, right superior pulmonary vein (PV) and its antrum, right superior PV carina, and right inferior PV antrum were significantly lower in patients with PerAF than in those with PAF. The bipolar voltages in other parts of the LA did not differ statistically between the two groups.
Conclusion:
PAF and PerAF seem to be characterized by differences in the regional voltage in the LA and PVs. The LA structural remodeling of PerAF may initiate from the right PVs and their antra and LA septum, roof, and posterior wall.
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