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Published on: August 29, 2025
Development and Validation of the Outcome Expectations for Yoga Scale
Herpreet Thind1, Marie A Sillice2, Joseph L Fava3
1Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA;,
Objective:
Our objective was to develop an instrument that can measure outcome expectations of yoga and to evaluate the instrument for internal consistency and initial construct validity.
Methods:
A 20-item scale was developed to assess physical, mental, and spiritual health benefits related to yoga practice among adults. The scale was tested in a baseline survey with adults participating in a clinical trial. Principal component analysis was used to investigate the internal structure of the measure. Outcome expectations for yoga were examined for demographic differences.
Results:
The sample (N = 185) was 54% women, 89% white and had a mean age of 46 years. The final 20-item scale had high item loadings that ranged from .57 to .88 with a Cronbach's alpha value of .96. Significant differences were found in outcome expectation score by sex.
Conclusion:
This newly developed scale can be used to assess outcome expectations for yoga and tailor interventions to promote adherence to yoga practice.
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