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Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
Published on: June 13, 2025
graphkernels: R and Python packages for graph comparison
Mahito Sugiyama1,2, M Elisabetta Ghisu3,4, Felipe Llinares-López3,4
1National Institute of Informatics, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan.
Summary:
Measuring the similarity of graphs is a fundamental step in the analysis of graph-structured data, which is omnipresent in computational biology. Graph kernels have been proposed as a powerful and efficient approach to this problem of graph comparison. Here we provide graphkernels, the first R and Python graph kernel libraries including baseline kernels such as label histogram based kernels, classic graph kernels such as random walk based kernels, and the state-of-the-art Weisfeiler-Lehman graph kernel. The core of all graph kernels is implemented in C ++ for efficiency. Using the kernel matrices computed by the package, we can easily perform tasks such as classification, regression and clustering on graph-structured samples.
Availability And Implementation:
The R and Python packages including source code are available at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=graphkernels and https://pypi.python.org/pypi/graphkernels.
Contact:
mahito@nii.ac.jp or elisabetta.ghisu@bsse.ethz.ch.
Supplementary Information:
Supplementary data are available online at Bioinformatics.
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