Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

389
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
389
Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

500
Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
500
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

1.1K
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
1.1K
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

813
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
813
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

335
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
335
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

1.3K
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

In-hospital mortality among patients with congenital heart disease undergoing noncardiac procedures: machine learning analysis of a multicentre study.

BJA open·2026
Same author

Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory: Incidence, Risk Scoring, and Outcomes.

ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)·2026
Same author

Selected 2025 Highlights in Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same author

Intraoperative Hypotension in Children Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: An Exploratory Single-Center Analysis of Incidence, Associated Risk Factors, and Outcomes.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026
Same author

Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Patients Undergoing Congenital Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac Catheterization.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same author

Institutional Experience Introducing Portable Capnography Intrahospital Transport of Ventilated Patients With Congenital Heart Disease.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling
15:11

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

Published on: January 5, 2015

65.2K

Sternal malformations and anesthetic management.

John H Nichols1, Viviane G Nasr2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Paediatric Anaesthesia
|October 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Sternal malformations encompass four types, with cleft sternum being most common. This review details these conditions and offers guidance for anesthetic and perioperative care in affected children.

Keywords:
anesthesiologycongenital abnormalitiesinfantnewbornpediatricssternumthoracic surgery

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Graft Viability Assessment Through Quantitative Metrics and Innovative Reservoir Systems
08:49

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Graft Viability Assessment Through Quantitative Metrics and Innovative Reservoir Systems

Published on: August 2, 2024

1.4K
Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
09:47

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery

Published on: June 2, 2022

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling
15:11

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

Published on: January 5, 2015

65.2K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Graft Viability Assessment Through Quantitative Metrics and Innovative Reservoir Systems
08:49

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Graft Viability Assessment Through Quantitative Metrics and Innovative Reservoir Systems

Published on: August 2, 2024

1.4K
Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
09:47

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery

Published on: June 2, 2022

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Congenital Malformations
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Sternal malformations are classified into four types: thoracic ectopia cordis, cervical ectopia cordis, thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis, and cleft sternum.
  • Cleft sternum, the most frequent type, occurs in 1 in 50,000–100,000 live births.
  • Further classification of cleft sternum includes complete or partial (superior, medium, inferior) types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge of all four sternal malformation types.
  • To provide guidance for optimal anesthetic and perioperative care for children with sternal malformations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing existing knowledge on sternal malformations.
  • Analysis of classifications and associated anomalies.

Main Results:

  • Superior partial cleft sternum is the most common, often with an orthotopic heart and normal skin coverage.
  • Associated anomalies with superior partial cleft sternum are rare but can include PHACES syndrome.
  • Inferior partial clefts are rarer and associated with Pentalogy of Cantrell.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the classification and associated anomalies of sternal malformations is crucial.
  • Optimal anesthetic and perioperative management strategies are essential for improving outcomes in affected children.