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Mitochondrial activity in T cells
Gabriela Desdín-Micó1, Gonzalo Soto-Heredero2, María Mittelbrunn1
1Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Madrid 28049, Spain.
Mitochondria fulfill important and diverse roles during the different stages of T cell adaptive responses. Here we discuss the role of the mitochondria in T cells from the initial steps of activation at the immune synapse to their participation in memory response and T cell exhaustion. Mitochondria are relocated to the immune synapse in order to supply local ATP and to aid calcium signaling. During expansion and proliferation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species drive proliferation. Aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis and fatty acid oxidation regulate the program of differentiation into effector or regulatory T cell subsets, and mitochondrial remodeling proteins are required for the long-lasting phenotype of memory cells.
Mitochondria fulfill important and diverse roles during the different stages of T cell adaptive responses. Here we discuss the role of the mitochondria in T cells from the initial steps of activation at the immune synapse to their participation in memory response and T cell exhaustion. Mitochondria are relocated to the immune synapse in order to supply local ATP and to aid calcium signaling. During expansion and proliferation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species drive proliferation. Aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis and fatty acid oxidation regulate the program of differentiation into effector or regulatory T cell subsets, and mitochondrial remodeling proteins are required for the long-lasting phenotype of memory cells.