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Gingival hyperplasia: Should drug interaction be blamed for?
Pramod Kumar Sharma1, Arup Kumar Misra1, Ankita Chugh2
1Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Indian Journal of Pharmacology
|October 17, 2017
Summary
Gingival overgrowth, a side effect of certain medications, can be caused by drugs like carbamazepine and amlodipine. This case highlights the rare association between these drugs and gingival hyperplasia, emphasizing multifactorial causes.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Oral Medicine
- Drug Safety
Background:
- Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a common clinical finding with various etiologies.
- Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia is a recognized side effect, often multifactorial.
- Carbamazepine (CBZ) and amlodipine are infrequently documented causes of drug-induced GO.
Observation:
- This report details a case of trigeminal neuralgia and hypertension treated with multiple medications.
- The patient developed gingival hyperplasia during treatment with amlodipine and carbamazepine.
- Carbamazepine's association with GO is particularly rare, while amlodipine's is infrequent.
Findings:
- Drug-induced gingival overgrowth involves complex interactions between medications and gingival fibroblasts.
- Potential mechanisms include altered plaque bacteria metabolism and induction of inflammatory mediators.
- Causality analysis suggests a probable association between the prescribed drugs and the observed gingival overgrowth.
Implications:
- Highlights the importance of considering less common drug side effects in clinical practice.
- Underscores the need for vigilant monitoring of patients on multiple medications, especially those with known associations with GO.
- Contributes to understanding the rare but significant adverse effects of carbamazepine and amlodipine on gingival tissues.