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Concentration Endurance Test (d2): Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population.

D Rivera1, C Salinas2, D Ramos-Usuga3

  • 1BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain.

Neurorehabilitation
|October 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study generated normative data for the Concentration Endurance Test (d2) in Spanish-speaking children across 10 countries. Findings highlight the impact of age, parental education, and sex on cognitive performance scores.

Keywords:
AttentionConcentration Endurance Test (d2)Spanish-speaking populationsneuropsychologypediatric population

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The Concentration Endurance Test (d2) is a widely used measure of sustained attention.
  • Normative data is essential for accurate interpretation of cognitive tests in diverse populations.
  • Existing d2 normative data may not adequately represent Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish normative data for the d2 test in a large sample of Spanish-speaking children.
  • To investigate the influence of demographic factors on d2 performance in this population.
  • To provide a valuable resource for neuropsychologists in Latin America and Spain.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 4,373 healthy children from 10 Spanish-speaking countries.
  • Participants completed the d2 test as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment.
  • Normative scores (TN, CR, TP, CP) were derived using multiple linear regressions, controlling for age, sex, and parental education.

Main Results:

  • Age significantly impacted all d2 scores, with performance generally increasing with age.
  • Age-squared effects were observed in specific regions for certain scores.
  • Higher parental education levels correlated with better performance in several regions and scores.
  • Sex influenced CP scores in Ecuador and Honduras.

Conclusions:

  • This study represents the largest normative dataset for the d2 test in a Spanish-speaking pediatric cohort globally.
  • The generated norms will enhance the accuracy of d2 test interpretation for children in Latin America and Spain.
  • This research facilitates more precise neuropsychological assessments in diverse cultural contexts.