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3D-Printed Paper Spray Ionization Cartridge with Integrated Desolvation Feature and Ion Optics.

G Ij Salentijn1,2, R D Oleschuk3, E Verpoorte1

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Summary

3D-printing enables miniaturized, functional ion sources for portable mass spectrometry (MS). This technology improves paper spray ionization (PSI) sensitivity and stability, paving the way for advanced analytical devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Instrument Development
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Miniaturization of analytical instrumentation is crucial for portable applications.
  • Ion sources are key components in mass spectrometry (MS) systems.
  • Paper spray ionization (PSI) offers a simple ionization method but can be limited by stability and sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the application of 3D-printing for miniaturizing and functionalizing an ion source for portable MS.
  • To develop and compare two versions of a 3D-printed cartridge for PSI.
  • To integrate an electrostatic lens and sheath gas manifold into a 3D-printed PSI cartridge.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of two 3D-printed PSI cartridges: one with integrated electrostatic lens and sheath gas manifold, and one without.
  • Analytical assessment of both cartridges focusing on sensitivity, limit of detection, spray stability, operational flexibility, and quantification capabilities.
  • Comparison of performance metrics between the two 3D-printed PSI cartridge designs.

Main Results:

  • The 3D-printed PSI cartridge with an electrostatic lens and sheath gas manifold showed improved sensitivity (15%) and limit of detection (over 6.5x smaller) compared to the cartridge without.
  • Enhanced spray stability and a wider operational range (lower potentials, larger distance to MS orifice) were observed with the integrated focusing elements.
  • Both setups enabled quantification of a model drug in the ng/mL range using single-stage MS.

Conclusions:

  • 3D-printing is a powerful tool for the miniaturization and functionalization of analytical devices like ion sources.
  • Integrated electrostatic lenses and sheath gas manifolds in 3D-printed PSI cartridges significantly enhance analytical performance.
  • This work highlights the potential of 3D-printing for the future fabrication of advanced, portable mass spectrometry systems.