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A Simple Cell-based Immunofluorescence Assay to Detect Autoantibody Against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate NMDA Receptor in Blood
Published on: January 9, 2018
Case Presentation of Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in a 4-Year-Old Boy
Daniel A Gbadero1, Emmanuel O Adegbite1, Jean-Baptist LePichon2
1Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State 210001, Nigeria.
Abstract:
We report a case of a 4-year-old boy from Oyo, Nigeria, presenting with prolonged seizures and coma with the subsequent development of oro-lingual-facial dyskinesia with frequent tongue thrusting, dysconjugate gaze and choreoathetoid movements of the limbs because of autoimmune encephalitis consistent with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis.
Insights
A Nigerian boy experienced prolonged seizures and coma, later developing involuntary movements and abnormal eye movements. This case highlights autoimmune encephalitis, specifically anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, in a pediatric patient.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Pediatric Neurology
- Clinical Case Study
Background:
- Autoimmune encephalitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the brain.
- Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a treatable autoimmune disorder.
- Pediatric autoimmune encephalitis can present with diverse neurological symptoms.
Observation:
- A 4-year-old boy in Nigeria presented with prolonged seizures and coma.
- The patient subsequently developed oro-lingual-facial dyskinesia, including tongue thrusting.
- Additional neurological signs included dysconjugate gaze and choreoathetoid limb movements.
Findings:
- The clinical presentation was consistent with autoimmune encephalitis.
- Diagnostic evaluation confirmed anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis.
- This case represents a pediatric presentation of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in Nigeria.
Implications:
- Early diagnosis and treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis are crucial for patient outcomes.
- This case expands the geographical understanding of anti-NMDAR encephalitis presentations.
- Increased awareness of autoimmune encephalitis in pediatric neurology is warranted, especially in diverse populations.
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