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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

817
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
817
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

813
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
813
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
1.3K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.6K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
1.6K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

1.5K
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy
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[Update in Obstetric Anesthesia: Tried and Trusted Methods, Controversies and New Perspectives - Part 1].

Peter Kranke, Thorsten Annecke, Dorothee H Bremerich

    Anasthesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
    |October 20, 2017
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    Summary

    This review summarizes key findings from the 2016 obstetrical anesthesia symposium, covering maternal morbidity, obesity in pregnancy, and anesthetic techniques for cesarean sections and postpartum hemorrhage.

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    Area of Science:

    • Anesthesiology
    • Obstetrics
    • Perinatology

    Background:

    • The Gerard W. Ostheimer "what's new in obstetric anesthesia" lecture and the German obstetrical anesthesia symposium provide critical appraisals of recent literature.
    • These events offer insights into evolving practices in the delivery room, often preceding traditional textbook updates.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize important findings from the 2016 obstetrical anesthesia symposium.
    • To highlight current issues and new perspectives in obstetric anesthesia relevant to clinical practice.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of lectures presented at the 2016 obstetrical anesthesia symposium.
    • Synthesis of information on maternal morbidity, mortality, and anesthetic management in obstetric patients.

    Main Results:

    • Part I focused on maternal morbidity/mortality causes, prevention, obesity in pregnancy, and sepsis in obstetric anesthesia.
    • Part II addressed epidural analgesia, post-dural puncture headache, anesthesia for cesarean sections, hemodynamic monitoring, and postpartum hemorrhage.

    Conclusions:

    • The symposium provided a critical overview of current topics and emerging trends in obstetric anesthesia.
    • Key areas discussed included maternal safety, anesthetic techniques, and management of complications in obstetric patients.