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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

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An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
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Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Modeling Neuronal Death and Degeneration in Mouse Primary Cerebellar Granule Neurons
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Modeling Neuronal Death and Degeneration in Mouse Primary Cerebellar Granule Neurons

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Cell Death Pathways: a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Neuroscientists.

G Morris1,2, A J Walker2, M Berk3,4,5,6

  • 1, Bryn Road Seaside 87, Llanelli, Wales, , SA15 2LW, UK.

Molecular Neurobiology
|October 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores cell death mechanisms and their role in neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting specific pathways like TNF-α and PARP-1 may offer new treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Keywords:
ApoptosisFerroptosisMinocyclineN-acetylcysteineNecroptosisNeuropsychiatric disorders

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 20, 2026

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Triggering Cell Stress and Death Using Conventional UV Laser Confocal Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cell death pathways, including necrosis and apoptosis, are implicated in various diseases.
  • Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play significant roles in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify therapeutic targets within cell death mechanisms for neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To explore the role of specific cell death pathways in neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • To propose novel therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on cell death mechanisms (TNFRs, PARP-1, ASK-JNK, lysosomal permeability, pyroptosis, ferroptosis).
  • Analysis of the role of these pathways in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Identification of potential therapeutic targets and combination therapies.

Main Results:

  • Tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs), PARP-1, inflammasomes, and lysosomal permeability are key players in cell death.
  • Dysregulation of these pathways contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
  • Targeting TNF-α, PARP-1, NLRP3 inflammasome, and RIPK3 shows therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting specific cell death pathways and inflammatory processes can be beneficial for neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • A combination therapy of minocycline and N-acetylcysteine is proposed for adjunctive treatment.
  • Further research into these mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic interventions.