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High-Temperature Nonequilibrium Bose Condensation Induced by a Hot Needle
Alexander Schnell1, Daniel Vorberg1, Roland Ketzmerick1,2
1Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
Physical Review Letters
|October 21, 2017
Summary
This study shows how a one-dimensional Bose gas can achieve Bose condensation at much higher temperatures than usual. This is achieved by using two heat baths, leading to unique quantum states.
Area of Science:
- Quantum physics
- Statistical mechanics
- Condensed matter theory
Background:
- Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) typically occurs in equilibrium systems at low temperatures.
- Understanding non-equilibrium quantum systems is crucial for developing new quantum technologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To theoretically investigate Bose condensation in a one-dimensional ideal Bose gas driven far from equilibrium.
- To explore the possibility of achieving Bose condensation at elevated temperatures using engineered thermal environments.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical analysis of a one-dimensional ideal Bose gas.
- Modeling the system coupled to two distinct heat baths: a global bath (T) and a localized hot needle bath (T_h).
- Investigating the emergence of steady states and Bose condensation under non-equilibrium conditions.
Main Results:
- Observed a crossover to finite-size Bose condensation at temperatures significantly higher than equilibrium condensation temperatures.
- Explained this phenomenon by the suppression of long-wavelength excitations due to the competing effects of the two baths.
- Found that for high hot needle temperatures, condensation occurs in an excited state favored by weaker coupling to the hot needle.
Conclusions:
- Demonstrated a method to create quantum degenerate non-equilibrium steady states with unconventional properties.
- Showcased the potential for achieving Bose condensation at large temperatures, opening avenues for novel quantum state preparation.
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